Kentsel Yerleşmelerin Sanayi Alanlarına Dönüştürülmesinde Doğal Ve Yapay Çevre Sorunlarının İncelenmesi

DergiPark: 493730tujesEndüstriyel alanlar için yer seçimi bir çok dezavantajı içinde barındırmasına rağmen örneğin iş gücü istihdamı ya da ulusal ekonomik kaynaklar, Türkiye’de kentleşmenin oluşmasından sonraki yerleşim dezavantajı durumları karşısındada endüstri alanları oluşturulmuştur ya da oluşturulmak niyetindedir. Gözardı edilen çevresel problemler çevre üzerine ve toplumun yaşamına negatif etki yaptığı tartışılan en önemli ulusal konulardan birisi olmaktadır. Türkiye’de, parçalı planlama sistemi planlama bütünlüğündeki eksikliklerden dolayı çevresel problemler yaratmakta ve doğal alanlar ile habitatlara zarar verebilmektedir. Kentsel yerleşmelerde planlamanın temel teorisi olan eşik analizi ile sınırlı olabilmektedir, endüstriyel ve maden alanlarında çevreye minimum müdahale kuralına uyulmamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı kırsal, kentsel bölgesel planlama ve ulusal ekonomik gelişime bağlı neden olduğu çevresel problemlerin ve güncel imkanların kontrol altına alınmasını sağlamayı araştırmaktır.Site selection for industrial areas that have been formed or intended to be formed despite several disadvantages in order to create a workforce employment or a national economic resource in related settlements after the formation of the cities in Turkey disregarding the environmental problems has a negative effect on the environment and the people living in cities, which is one of the important national issues to be discussed. In Turkey, fragmented planning system that lacks a planning integrity creates environmental problems, which may harm natural areas and habitats. Although urban settlements can be limited by threshold analysis, which is the basic theory of planning, the rule of minimum intervention in the environment is neglected in industrial and mining areas. This study aims to examine the investments, which do no cause environmental problems due to national economic development and regional, urban or rural planning, and take the current facilities under control

Relationship between Population and Agricultural Land in Amasya

Urban development endangers agricultural and natural areas. It causes the rural population to immigrate to urban areas due to appealing life standards and leads to the extinction of rural areas. In addition, reduced rural population causes urban areas to select rural areas as development areas. This problem of rural areas can be better described in the areas that have completed their urban development but still continue to develop. This article discusses the effect of population in determining the areas which see population increases and are under pressure

Expected Versus Real Effects and Challenges of Urbanization in Albania During the Transition: A Focus Group-Based Assessment

This paper focuses on learning about the characteristics, effects, and challenges of the urbanization in Albania during transition. Key research point involves assessing how much effective urbanization was. Focus group discussion was the research method used. Major findings about the urbanization in Albania are: an unplanned process, weak and incomplete legislation, weak public management capacities, conflict, and widespread informality. Reduction of poverty and unemployment are positive effects, but a significant gap exists between expected and real effects (-4 and -3.9, for employment and poverty). Disappointing is an effect on education quality and climate for private business activities. In general, negative effects out-passed significantly the expected ones by 2.6 points. Major negative effects are increased crime, congestion and pollution, reduced green area, loss of family bonds, and some loss of traditions and rural values. Major challenges in the future include efficient management of land, improving quality of education, reduction of informality and illegal economic activity, and guaranteeing land property rights. In conclusion, urbanization in Albania was a deficient process. This is with positive effects and also with harsh negative consequences and tough challenges ahead. Managerial and policy recommendations, and propositions for further research, are provided at the end of the study

Using the Buffer Zone Method to Measure the Accessibility of the Green Areas in Tokat, Turkey

This study measured the distance from its sample location to green areas in Tokat, Turkey, using the buffer zone method. This study evaluated the decisions of the Purposeful Tokat Conservation Framework Development Plan and the decisions outside of the Historical Urban Protected Areas Development Plan together as whole. Creating green areas that are at an accessible distance in urban planning projects is important. Accordingly, the accessibility of green areas was measured using the buffer zone method. This study also proposes a method in regard to accessibility to green areas in Turkey. The analysis performed in Tokat found that the green areas were not planned considering accessibility criteria. The results of this study indicate that settlements with houses and green areas should be planned proportionally and at a more accessible distance to each other

Wicked Water Systems: A Review of Challenges and Opportunities

The contemporary urban water system is under extreme pressure due to growing demand, climate change, and social inequality. Conventional methods to mitigating extreme water events have proven to be insufficient to safeguard our growing urban centers. Unless the competing demands and pressures of the urban water system are addressed in holistic manners, we will soon lack of access to good-quality water, and extreme water events will increasingly affect our metropoles, with most severe consequences for communities already living in marginal conditions. This chapter takes as point of departure that the future urban waterscape is a wicked problem in which actions taken to mitigate the problems are often inadequate and temporary, even when they are the result of the public debate and shared concern. The current urban water system has reached a critical threshold, but how can innovative urban water design or planning solutions be implemented when there is so much at stake? The chapter will address the urban waterscape, its contemporary challenges and what we can expect in future climate conditions. Furthermore, we will discuss contemporary solutions as well as highlight the sociopolitical, economic, and ecological barriers to their implementation. To illustrate the challenges as well as the range of solutions, we will present the algal blooms in Lake Erie, USA, as a case study. We will end with an elaboration on how to innovate in the case of wicked problems

Channel fading attenuation based on rainfall rate for future 5G wireless communication system over 38-GHz

In this paper, the effect of heavy rainfall on the propagation of a 38-GHz in a tropical region was studied and analyzed. Real measurement was collected, with a path length of 300 meters, for a (5G) radio linkage in Malaysia, installed at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Johor Bahru campus. The employed system entails an Ericsson MINI-Link 38 E-0.6 mm, with a horizontal polarization (HP) antenna at the top integrated with a rain gauge and a data logger. Daily registered samples with a single minute span, for a full study period of 1 month, were collected and evaluated. The obtained rain rate was found as 56 mm/hr with a specific rain attenuation of 18.4 dB/km for 0.01% of the time. In addition to that, a calculated average rain attenuation of 5.5 dB for the transmission path of 300 meters length, was calculated. Based on these findings, a recommendation to update the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) specification of the rain attenuation for Malaysia is proposed. Based on the results, we suggest shifting the zone classification of Malaysia from zone P to zone N-P. Therefore, accurate design for future 5G systems would rely on more precise estimated attenuation levels leading to enhanced performance

Edge on Wheels With OMNIBUS Networking for 6G Technology

In recent years, both the scientific community and the industry have focused on moving computational resources with remote data centres from the centralized cloud to decentralised computing, making them closer to the source or the so called “edge” of the network. This is due to the fact that the cloud system alone cannot sufficiently support the huge demands of future networks with the massive growth of new, time-critical applications such as self-driving vehicles, Augmented Reality/Virtual Reality techniques, advanced robotics and critical remote control of smart Internet-of-Things applications. While decentralised edge computing will form the backbone of future heterogeneous networks, it still remains at its infancy stage. Currently, there is no comprehensive platform. In this article, we propose a novel decentralised edge architecture, a solution called OMNIBUS, which enables a continuous distribution of computational capacity for end-devices in different localities by exploiting moving vehicles as storage and computation resources. Scalability and adaptability are the main features that differentiate the proposed solution from existing edge computing models. The proposed solution has the potential to scale infinitely, which will lead to a significant increase in network speed. The OMNIBUS solution rests on developing two predictive models: (i) to learn timing and direction of vehicular movements to ascertain computational capacity for a given locale, and (ii) to introduce a theoretical framework for sequential to parallel conversion in learning, optimisation and caching under contingent circumstances due to vehicles in motion